Question 1

What does LTV mean?

Accepted Answer

Loan-to-Value (LTV) is the mortgage amount as a percentage of the property value. An 80% LTV means you are borrowing 80% and putting in a 20% deposit. Higher LTV typically means higher interest rates and a requirement for mortgage insurance in some countries.

Question 2

What is stamp duty?

Accepted Answer

Stamp duty (or transfer tax) is a government tax on property purchases. It is calculated in progressive bands in most countries  -  the rate rises as the purchase price increases. First-time buyers receive relief in many jurisdictions.

Question 3

How much can I borrow for a mortgage?

Accepted Answer

Most lenders use an income multiple (typically 3–4.5 times gross annual income) combined with a loan-to-value limit. Regulators in many countries cap the multiple to prevent over-lending. Use the affordability calculator to see the limits that apply in your country.

Question 4

What is the difference between a fixed and variable rate mortgage?

Accepted Answer

A fixed rate is locked for a set period (commonly 2–10 years), giving payment certainty. A variable rate tracks a benchmark rate (such as a central bank rate or EURIBOR) and can rise or fall. Fixed rates suit those who want certainty; variable rates can be cheaper when benchmark rates are falling.

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